As concerns grow over the threat of bioterrorism and weapons of mass destruction, Penn State University genetic researchers are working on an early warning system -- the figurative canary in the mineshaft -- that could be as unobtrusive and ubiquitous as plants in a landscape. This "canary" is a specially engineered plant or group of plants designed to detect and signal the presence of many harmful chemical or biological agents.
In theory, soldiers could be equipped with a hand-held electronic device. When pointed at a native plant, the readings on the device would indicate the plant was exposed to nerve gas some time in the last several hours or several days. At present such a device does not exist.
To develop such technology, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency has awarded Penn State University a 3 year, $3.5 million grant to lay groundwork for genetically engineered plants that can detect the presence of harmful nerve agents. Plants are a suitable candidate because they are rooted to their environment, and cannot move out of a given area like an insect or other animal. They can therefore become a short-term history book of their environment over the last several days. Just as a plant will wilt without water, or become lighter green with less nitrogen, a plant that is genetically altered to become sensitive to a nerve agent or other chemical compounds poisonous to humans would retain certain effects of its exposure.
Plants and animals detect and respond to a range of things -- including microbes, insects, chemicals and hormones -- via cellular proteins. These proteins, called receptor-like kinases (RLKs), have a sensing domain outside the cell membrane that binds molecules in the environment. This binding sends a signal inside the cell to the response domain, known as the kinase, which then turns on genes that trigger a response. One of the plants being studied at Penn State is Arabidopsis, a small flowering plant from the mustard family that grows around the world and is widely used as a model organism in plant biology.
Even detection of something such as explosives in the soil is under research. A military commander, with the proper electronic device, could receive a readout from a plant in his locale that could indicate the presence of explosives nearby. Of course, such genetically modified plants would have to be planted into the environment ahead of time, which may pose its own set of problems.
Jack Schultz, a chemical ecologist and professor of entomology in the College of Agricultural Sciences, indicates in the Penn State extension website that their experiments may eventually aid the agricultural community as well. One example given was that a sensor could be mounted on the front of a farm tractor traveling across a field when operating a pesticide sprayer. The sensor could detect the presence of a certain weed or insect pest and turn the sprayer on or off or add different chemical components for a given section of the field, and thus reduce the total volume of pesticides used.
Tom Clouser is a 38 year old farmer in Pennsylvania. In addition to farming, he and his father publish a monthly 16-page newspaper called "Trees 'n' Turf", which targets subjects of interest to those in land use industries and activities. View their website at http://www.clouserfarm.net
elite cleaning services Mundelein ..In order to win the presidency in America, candidates must... Read More
We know that the International Terrorists like the idea of... Read More
We need a government that can be as responsive to... Read More
Each day the present geo-political reality confirms what The Tribulation... Read More
The blogosphere has been jumping around the story like crazy... Read More
I hope to provide a starting point for the serious... Read More
Their arrival portends rising local prices and a culture shock.... Read More
Most government agencies cannot pass an audit of their expenses.... Read More
Some people say that we cannot put a colony on... Read More
Freedom is in the eyes of the beholder. In Communist... Read More
Non-lethal Goo Concepts have been tossed around by many war... Read More
In this day and age of tattletale, whistleblower heroes and... Read More
There are so many problems with our perceived perfect checks... Read More
The UAV, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle is hear to stay and... Read More
Economy is called the dismal science because it pretends to... Read More
As I read the papers and watch the news day... Read More
Heavens, what are we up against? It seems these days... Read More
Predicting the future is a tricky business. There have been... Read More
Last week, the media coverage called the airplane crash in... Read More
If recent speeches by US officials on Iran's plans to... Read More
As pictures and videos surface showing young American soldiers humiliating... Read More
From the comfort of their plush offices and five to... Read More
Many people who are expert in the issue of the... Read More
With the recent threats from Bin Laden and Al Queda... Read More
Well here is a great new product, we first saw... Read More
Airbnb cleaning service Mundelein ..Many in the peanut gallery of society are so quick... Read More
Visible remnants of the world's eldest democracy can be seen... Read More
After the dance the piper must be paid. To help... Read More
You have in front of you two buttons, one is... Read More
The US Dollar has been falling continuously in last year.... Read More
We have read about the unemployment rate being high. Really... Read More
Non-lethal Goo Concepts have been tossed around by many war... Read More
Everyone knows the United States Government often falls down in... Read More
When organising a country or a group of people in... Read More
The clause (c) of Electronic Crime Act 2004 has been... Read More
The recent Jakarta summit of Asia and Africa brought remembrance... Read More
Farmers will eventually be facing federal regulations involving air emissions... Read More
The offshore financial centres have been forced in recent years... Read More
This is the beginning of the end for the man... Read More
Will a bus running across the borders bring cordial relations... Read More
Public utilities and a problematic issue on the allowance of... Read More
We have all heard of the huge debates surrounding genetically... Read More
Political strategists, branding gurus and image consultants could learn a... Read More
History repeats itself, goes the cliche. It does so, perhaps,... Read More
Prosecutors with political ambitions are known to modify the truth... Read More
News is spreading of the retirement of Supreme Court Justice... Read More
Are the junior attorneys in the Attorney General's office leaving... Read More
Water Conservation in larger cities is less of an issue... Read More
Today we wish to examine a fallacy, or error in... Read More
Let's put it all into perspective: the U.S. has an... Read More
Political |