As concerns grow over the threat of bioterrorism and weapons of mass destruction, Penn State University genetic researchers are working on an early warning system -- the figurative canary in the mineshaft -- that could be as unobtrusive and ubiquitous as plants in a landscape. This "canary" is a specially engineered plant or group of plants designed to detect and signal the presence of many harmful chemical or biological agents.
In theory, soldiers could be equipped with a hand-held electronic device. When pointed at a native plant, the readings on the device would indicate the plant was exposed to nerve gas some time in the last several hours or several days. At present such a device does not exist.
To develop such technology, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency has awarded Penn State University a 3 year, $3.5 million grant to lay groundwork for genetically engineered plants that can detect the presence of harmful nerve agents. Plants are a suitable candidate because they are rooted to their environment, and cannot move out of a given area like an insect or other animal. They can therefore become a short-term history book of their environment over the last several days. Just as a plant will wilt without water, or become lighter green with less nitrogen, a plant that is genetically altered to become sensitive to a nerve agent or other chemical compounds poisonous to humans would retain certain effects of its exposure.
Plants and animals detect and respond to a range of things -- including microbes, insects, chemicals and hormones -- via cellular proteins. These proteins, called receptor-like kinases (RLKs), have a sensing domain outside the cell membrane that binds molecules in the environment. This binding sends a signal inside the cell to the response domain, known as the kinase, which then turns on genes that trigger a response. One of the plants being studied at Penn State is Arabidopsis, a small flowering plant from the mustard family that grows around the world and is widely used as a model organism in plant biology.
Even detection of something such as explosives in the soil is under research. A military commander, with the proper electronic device, could receive a readout from a plant in his locale that could indicate the presence of explosives nearby. Of course, such genetically modified plants would have to be planted into the environment ahead of time, which may pose its own set of problems.
Jack Schultz, a chemical ecologist and professor of entomology in the College of Agricultural Sciences, indicates in the Penn State extension website that their experiments may eventually aid the agricultural community as well. One example given was that a sensor could be mounted on the front of a farm tractor traveling across a field when operating a pesticide sprayer. The sensor could detect the presence of a certain weed or insect pest and turn the sprayer on or off or add different chemical components for a given section of the field, and thus reduce the total volume of pesticides used.
Tom Clouser is a 38 year old farmer in Pennsylvania. In addition to farming, he and his father publish a monthly 16-page newspaper called "Trees 'n' Turf", which targets subjects of interest to those in land use industries and activities. View their website at http://www.clouserfarm.net
professional maid services Park Ridge ..Ethanol is a great way to produce fuel, great fuel... Read More
Down The Bush and BlairBy now everyone, except us, is... Read More
Well the title is absolute Bull Crap, but this article... Read More
Prison guards and corrections professionals are hard at work insuring... Read More
It looks overall like the liberals are advocating for no... Read More
Some people say that we cannot put a colony on... Read More
Often we see protests at the sites of global leader... Read More
Why did the California energy crisis happen? Who is to... Read More
Continued thoughts while driving down the road in a huge... Read More
Since the court case was over turned against Arthur Anderson... Read More
This is no time for the Black community to sue... Read More
We are slowing the transportation flows of our civilization by... Read More
The recent Jakarta summit of Asia and Africa brought remembrance... Read More
United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA), one of the most... Read More
After arranging the Armistice that ended or settled outstanding issues... Read More
The FBI recently before Congress stated that Eco-Terrorism was on... Read More
In an age of terrorism, guerilla and total warfare the... Read More
Death may not be dignified in any light but the... Read More
With respect to the States' databases, you may not locate... Read More
If a farmer plants the same crop three seasons in... Read More
The newest pebble reactors are easy to build and manage... Read More
I am an incurably ill American male forced to leave... Read More
Einstein when ask how did he believe WWIII would be... Read More
You know we have sent many, many army tanks with... Read More
In a move that rocked the online world and left... Read More
cleaning lady near Lincolnshire ..One of Abraham Lincoln's claims to fame is the fact... Read More
Conor MacDari was a Mason but his Masonry deplored the... Read More
The filibuster has been a tool available to U.S. Senators... Read More
Farmers will eventually be facing federal regulations involving air emissions... Read More
As the death toll in the avalanche-hit Jammu and Kashmir... Read More
Americans pride themselves on being the best, that's a fact.... Read More
I like Bill O'Reilly. I do. I have read two... Read More
When I was growing up, I actually considered a career... Read More
The Federal Trade Commission has very important Anti-trust Laws. They... Read More
"Similar to Medieval Inquisitions, judges have been given the authority,... Read More
Continued thoughts while driving down the road in a huge... Read More
Many very nice and loving homosexual male couples want to... Read More
In his bid for the presidency, John Kerry pronounced a... Read More
Up until the final debate at Arizona State University, the... Read More
"The Jesuit priest John H. Surratt, proven to be the... Read More
The plight of whistleblowers ? those employees who sound the... Read More
This is the third in a short series of four... Read More
Large parts of the world today suffer from a severe... Read More
I watch the TV news and I get angry. I... Read More
In an age of terrorism, guerilla and total warfare the... Read More
Recently the CIA staged a practice simulation of a cyber... Read More
Britain has a proud tradition of valiant armed forces and... Read More
Here are some miscellaneous thoughts on issues many of which... Read More
In the words of a secret agent who has signed... Read More
We need a government that can be as responsive to... Read More
Political |