When I first started studying for my CCNP, some of the concepts of OSPF really confused me. This was especially true for the ASBR, stub areas, and total stub areas. Sure, I could memorize the LSA types associated with these devices and area types, but there just weren't any illustrations that explained exactly what was going on.
This CCNP tutorial shows an ASBR in operation, and also introduces you to a basic example of route redistribution. Don't worry, it gets more complicated. :)
Here's the network we'll be working with in this tutorial:
R5
|
R1
/
R2 R3
Networks:
R1 - R5 Ethernet Segment: 10.1.1.0 /24
R1 - R2 - R3 Serial Segment: 172.16.123.0 /24 (Preconfigured with OSPF)
R1 and R5 are running RIP over their common Ethernet segment, 10.1.1.0 /24. R5 has three loopbacks it will be advertising into the RIP domain.
R1 is also running OSPF, with R2 and R3 as neighbors. Even though R1 knows about the loopbacks on R5, its OSPF neighbors do not. R1 has these routes in its RIP routing table, and for OSPF neighbors to learn of these routes, route redistribution must be manually configured.
R5#conf t
R5(config)#router rip
R5(config-router)#version 2
R5(config-router)#no auto-summary
R5(config-router)#network 5.0.0.0
R5(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
R1#conf t
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#version 2
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary
R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
R1#show ip route rip
5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
R 5.1.1.0 [120/1] via 10.1.1.5, 00:00:10, Ethernet0
R 5.2.1.0 [120/1] via 10.1.1.5, 00:00:10, Ethernet0
R 5.3.1.0 [120/1] via 10.1.1.5, 00:00:10, Ethernet0
R1 has a route for all three of R5's loopback interfaces, learned via RIP. R1 is also running OSPF, but its neighbors R2 and R3 don't know about these RIP routes:
R2#show ip route ospf
R2# < no output from show command means no routes! >
R3#show ip route ospf
R3#
Be careful when configuring redistribution use IOS Help to make sure you're not missing any vital options. IOS Help shows that there is a "subnets" option when redistributing RIP into OSPF. If that is left off, only classful networks are redistributed (as the router is kind enough to tell us). In this case, we have no classful networks, so there will be no redistribution. R2 will not see the RIP routes.
R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#redistribute rip ?
metric Metric for redistributed routes
metric-type OSPF/IS-IS exterior metric type for redistributed routes
route-map Route map reference
subnets Consider subnets for redistribution into OSPF
tag Set tag for routes redistributed into OSPF
R1(config-router)#redistribute rip
% Only classful networks will be redistributed
R2#show ip route ospf
R2#clear ip route *
R2#show ip route ospf
R2#
On R1, we'll now use the "subnets" option, and the RIP subnets are successfully redistributed into OSPF.
R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets
R2 now sees the redistributed routes.
R2#show ip route ospf
5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
O E2 5.1.1.0 [110/20] via 172.12.123.1, 00:00:08, Serial0.123
O E2 5.2.1.0 [110/20] via 172.12.123.1, 00:00:08, Serial0.123
O E2 5.3.1.0 [110/20] via 172.12.123.1, 00:00:08, Serial0.123
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O E2 10.1.1.0 [110/20] via 172.12.123.1, 00:00:08, Serial0.123
Notice that the routes are marked as "E2". The E indicates that these are external routes these are routes that were learned by OSPF via redistribution.
Naturally, you'll want to ping these networks to make sure you have two-way communication. Even though the routes to these loopbacks are in the routing table, pings fail:
R2#ping 5.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 5.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
Keep this in mind when troubleshooting: It's not enough to have a route to a destination for pings to succeed there's got to be a path back. At this point, R5 doesn't know where the 172.12.123.0 network is, so there's no way the ping can get back. More route redistribution is necessary on R1.
Your first instinct may be to redistribute OSPF routes into RIP to make this work, but remember that the 172.12.123.0 /24 network isn't known to R1 via OSPF it's a directly connected network. We can redistribute connected networks into RIP to give R5 a route to 172.12.123.0 /24, which will give the ICMP packets a path back to R2, which will allow pings to succeed.
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#redistribute connected
R5#show ip route rip
1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R 1.1.1.1 [120/1] via 10.1.1.1, 00:00:02, Ethernet0
172.12.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R 172.12.123.0 [120/1] via 10.1.1.1, 00:00:02, Ethernet0
R2#ping 5.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 5.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 68/69/76 ms
Performing this redistribution makes R1 an ASBR, as shown here with show ip ospf. This command even shows you what protocol(s) are being redistributed into OSPF.
R1#show ip ospf
Routing Process "ospf 1" with ID 1.1.1.1
Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
Supports opaque LSA
It is an autonomous system boundary router
Redistributing External Routes from,
rip, includes subnets in redistribution
Knowing exactly what the ASBR does and how to configure route redistribution are just a few of the many OSPF skills you'll need to earn your CCNP. Like any other Cisco skill, breaking a complex topic like OSPF down into smaller, manageable pieces is the best way to master these topics and pass the CCNP exams.
Keep watching The Bryant Advantage website for more free CCNA and CCNP tutorials!
To your success,
Chris Bryant
CCIE #12933
chris@thebryantadvantage.com
Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage. The Bryant Advantage offers dozens of FREE CCNA, CCNP, and Home Lab tutorials and articles. The Bryant Advantage sells the world's most comprehensive CCNA Study Guide, and my exclusive Binary Math and Subnetting Mastery book. My CCNA Online Fast Track is the world's fastest-growing CCNA course. Get your CCNA and CCNP today at http://www.thebryantadvantage.com
executive chauffeured services Bradford .. Madison to Airport carYour first step in removing dangerous infections from your computer... Read More
1. Let your PC boot up completely before opening any... Read More
Saving Lives With A Pocket PCFree medical downloads can be... Read More
Maintaining your computer is extremely important ? especially if you... Read More
With renting methods such as online DVD rental and pay-per-view,... Read More
First and foremost before I begin my ranting it is... Read More
The basic language of the internet is html. If you... Read More
Simone is exasperated. She has to work on her university... Read More
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a protocol that is part... Read More
Although there are many things that can affect the performance... Read More
"Aaaaaahhhhhh! I've been invaded by a virus!" Getting a virus... Read More
Many computer users are worried about their computer's performance. After... Read More
In this era of Internet, most people are frequent users... Read More
Nothing is worse than having to negotiate all kinds of... Read More
Microsoft Certifications are one of the most widely acclaimed, pursued,... Read More
Webmasters usually sit at their computers much longer in a... Read More
If you ask most people what frustrates them most about... Read More
As the owner of a Country Mall and Top Site... Read More
As the Web grows more crowded and just plain "noisy"... Read More
When studying for your Cisco CCNA, CCNP, or CCIE exam,... Read More
IntroOne of the big advantages of PCs over earlier types... Read More
If you are a building a website or a forum,... Read More
Feeling overwhelmed in selecting a new TV? With all the... Read More
Winter?the official start of the cold and flu season. Though,... Read More
Having two operating systems is not as difficult as many... Read More
O'Hare Chicago prom limo ..Most people think that all you have to do to... Read More
Getting started with video editing is very simple you only... Read More
MP3 players are everywhere! It seems that the number of... Read More
In the 1950's and 1960's Polaroid's instant cameras were all... Read More
You probably heard of the new Firefox browser version 1.0... Read More
The basic language of the internet is html. If you... Read More
A computer needs a certain amount of information to operate;... Read More
I met an entrepreneur who hole heartedly disagree with an... Read More
Maybe you always wanted a feature that hasn't been available... Read More
The following practice, if done regularly, may help you to... Read More
That desk in front of you and everything else around... Read More
Computer is an electronic machine work on the instructions of... Read More
World War II - Germany decided to attack Poland. Poland... Read More
GOT VIRUS? Your Data is NOT lost forever!In the wake... Read More
Introduction In this article I will clearly spell out the... Read More
How can you compare mp3 players to be sure you're... Read More
Cookies, not the kind that Mom makes, but the computer... Read More
Surf the 'Net for about 10 minutes and chances rate... Read More
Your first step in removing dangerous infections from your computer... Read More
How long do you think DVDs have around? 20 years?... Read More
Your Bible At Your FingertipsIt is fairly easy to find... Read More
First things first, what is Firefox? Well, it's a browser.... Read More
There are soooo many choices. With all the styles and... Read More
BIOS - Basic Input Output SystemThe central processing unit of... Read More
We have just entered the time of year that most... Read More
Personal Technology |